Combinatorial Extracellular Matrix Essay - 909 Words

Combinatorial extracellular matrix microenvironments promote survival and phenotype of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells in hypoxia; a review Endothelial cells derived from induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs) are a promising candidate for enhancing the treatment of ischemic tissues. However, current understanding of the microenvironmental factors involved in endothelial differentiation is limited, leading to low cell survival following transplantation. Ultimately this masks the therapeutic potential of stem cells and regenerative medicine. To address this limitation, research published in Acta Biomaterialia examined the role of combinatorial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on endothelial†¦show more content†¦Had this experiment not been performed using a microscale high-throughput platform, these interactions would have been difficult to observe. In analyzing the detailed methods used to achieve these results, it is apparent that the systematic analysis of cell survival, phenotype and function stems from the authors’ decision to use a high throughput ECM microarray platform. While previous studies typically focused on ECM-mediated induction of stem cell differentiation and renewal. The authors of this article envisioned the microarray platform as a powerful tool to advance clinical applications of stem cell therapy under conditions of disease. This idea was quickly validated as data was replicated in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional settings. However, one limitation of the microarray platform was its inability to determine the cause of the synergistic and redundant relationships when performing cross-comparisons of individual ECM combinations. While these findings reaffirm the ECMs role in regulating the function of cells, more work is needed to understand how combinatorial ECMs fine-tune iPSC-EC responses. G iven that the induced pluripotent stem cells chosen for this experiment lack the gene expression of a primary endothelial cell. This studies entire clinical application depends on the ability of an iPSC-EC to express those same

School Uniforms Should Be Abolished - 2185 Words

The wearing of school uniforms is increasingly popular across the nation. It becomes a controversial argument of communities rejecting these mandated school uniforms in their schools. However, school uniforms are not a negative thing; in fact, they could be positive in many ways by eliminating cliques, saving money for parents, and taking away the bullying off students less fortunate; whereas, school uniforms will also violate students’ freedom of expression, create a financial burden on families, and uniforms will not alleviate the problems such as higher academic rates, attendance, etc. However, with a solution that would benefit both parties, the public school systems in the Oklahoma City district would benefit greatly if this policy were adopted in all the schools since the district only has seventy-four public schools with uniforms, while seventeen schools are not. First of all, these school uniforms should be implemented in the rest of these seventeen schools, because th ey would diminish economic and social barriers between students. For instance, people come from different social classes such as Upper, Middle, and Lower class. Many lower-class families often cannot afford to purchase non-essential items for their children, especially for school; many struggle just to purchase the necessity items such as food, housing, transportation, etc. According to the Oklahoma City Board of Education, if families are not able to afford school uniforms, there are ways can helpShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Should Be Abolished2186 Words   |  9 PagesSchool Uniforms The wearing of school uniforms is increasingly popular across the nation. It becomes a controversial argument of communities rejecting these mandated school uniforms in their schools. However, school uniforms are not a negative thing; in fact, they could be positive in many ways by eliminating cliques, saving money for parents, and taking away the bullying off students less fortunate; whereas, school uniforms will also violate students’ freedom of expression, create a financial burdenRead MoreWhy School Uniforms Should Be Abolished2306 Words   |  10 PagesWearing Uniforms in School Introduction The issue of whether school uniform ought to be executed in schools has been a continuous open consideration all through America s educational systems. This instructive change has numerous supporters, who accept that school uniform will diminish theft of designer outfits, gang colors, smear the lines of financial class, and lessening companion power, protect their contention with exploration from genuine cases (Stanley, 1996). Then again, numerous individualsRead MoreOver The Past Years, Most Public School Administrators1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past years, most public school administrators have been engaged in the heated debate over whether public school students should put on school uniforms or not. This important argument has drawn the attention of both liberal thinkers and conservatives. From one far end, a section of the society feels that public school students school have the freedom to put on their clothing of choice while the other section feels that there should be uni formity in the public-school attire. Based on such contradictingRead MoreIt’s Time to Abolish the ACT and SAT Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages A young girl is excited about graduating high school and attending her first year at college. She tries hard at school and receives above-average grades. She is an active student involved in student council, band, the drama team, and peer tutoring, but her ACT scores are extremely low, disqualifying her from many universities. The young girl represents many students who are not successful at taking standardized tests because they have not developed the advanced skills required to take a test likeRead MoreThe Importance Of Dress Code In Schools1151 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescents should question laws and rules that are inherent in today’s government because if they do not, the government will ultimately deteriorate internally. Although rules were put in place for the good of the people, sometimes rules can impose on people’s rights and freedoms. For example, according to the Chattahoochee High School Student Handbook, â€Å"All students shall dress appropriately so as not to disrupt or interfere with the educational program or the orderly operation of the school.† ThisRead MoreThe Standards Of Education Standards898 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, standards of education have come under increasing scrutiny. The standards of education include content standards and performance standards. According to Powell, author of Your Introduction to Education, content standards â€Å"define what students should know and be able to do relative to subject areas at specific grade levels†(2015, p. 105). Powell defines performance standards as the designated level of â€Å"knowledge or skill that is considered acceptable within a particular grade level†(2015, p.Read MoreThe Social Problem Of Teenage Drinking725 Words   |  3 Pagesare not aware of how dangerous alcohol can be. Although the health risks of heavy drinking are known and understood, the social habit continues to be accepted as a cultural norm. Is it surprising then, that the youn g people are beginning to drink at school ages. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. Simply put, alcohol ruins many young people’s lives, and is now of the most serious problems young people face. According to the National Survey on Drug UseRead MoreNapoleon Info Essay740 Words   |  3 Pagesfeudalism | The republic saw that all citizens were equal | Continental system | Cause economic problems throughout Europe | Code Napoleon | It was confusing that the localities of France had different laws, and having set uniform laws made life easier | Invasion of Russia | Unbearable weather, lack of food for soldiers to forage, and lack of preparation | Economic stimulation | The wars and the confiscation of the royalists lands and property | AggrandizementRead MoreEssay about Lack of Education in Developing Countries1131 Words   |  5 PagesApproximately 75 million children around the world have no opportunity to attend primary school. Of the 75 million, most of them are girls due to tradition or parents that hold them back from attending (Main Navigation). Other factors that affect children from going to school is because of conflicts and wars that result in schools to be destroyed and families to flee the country. Lack of education is a growing crisis due to many factors in developing countries but it has the power pull a countryRead MoreEssay on King James 1 and the Church1213 Words   |  5 Pageswanting reformation. They wished to eliminate of some ceremonies and dogmas closely resembling those of the Catholic Church. Puritans were more devout Christians then regular members. They believed the Sabbath should b e strictly observed, sermons should advocate virtues, and the clergy should be controlled by the state. [3] In 1603, Puritans presented King James with the Millenary Petition. It asked for shorter services with less music, for ceremonial changes and for elimination of pluralism

12 Month Football Training Program free essay sample

The 12-Month Football Training Program A complete football training program takes just a little planning. But the benefits are well worth the effort Football players are amongst some of the finest athletes in the world and thats a testament to their gruelling regime. If you want to perform at YOUR best whatever level that might be you can learn a lot from the way the pros train. First and foremost though, a football training program has to meet your own specific needs Training time for most players is limited. You might not have the resources (or the inclination) to train 6 days a week. And you dont have to. Your only goal should be to maximise the time you DO have at your disposal. Do that and you cannot fail to improve. Any effective training regime should be built on the back of a solid fitness assessment. And it becomes exceptionally important in sports conditioning Without objective testing you simply cannot know how effective your time and energy has been. And if youre shooting in the dark, theres no way to tweak and adjust sessions to get where you want to be. Visit the fitness testing section of the site.Youll find all kinds of tests you can perform with little or no special equipment. Spend one afternoon developing a profile of your athletic abilities and record the results. As a football player youll want focus on tests that measure strength, power and speed. For example †¢One repetition max bench press and leg press †¢30 meter sprint †¢30 meter sprint fatigue †¢Standing vertical jump †¢Standing broad jump †¢Sit and reach test Split Your Football Training Program Into 3 Phases A football training program lasts 12 months even if the competitive in-season only spans from September to December. And that applies to any football player at any level Even if you only have a couple of days a week spare for football conditioning, you should still adapt and vary those sessions over the course of a year. For the more ambitious players, this system of periodization is the ONLY way you can incorporate all the necessary elements of training without overtraining. Here are the three phases or periods of a football training program.. †¢Pre-season phase 7 months †¢In-season phase 4 months †¢Transition phase 1-2 months Wow over half a year to prepare!Thats because it takes time to develop peak strength and power. Lets have a look at each phase in more detail Individual exercises and sessions are covered in separate articles. This is how everything fits together into one, complete football training program. Pre-Season Phase of Football Training The pre-season or off-season is by far the largest phase of the annual plan. The goal is to develop optimum strength and power so that it peaks just prior to the start of the in-season. Because this phase is so long you need to break into smaller cycles often referred to as macrocyclesEach macrocycle might last between 3 and 6 weeks (for the sake of ease well assume that each cycle lasts for a calendar month). The training objectives and methods vary within each cycle and theres an important reason for this.. . Firstly, adjusting intensity and volume helps to avoid overtraining and burnout. Secondly, certain aspects of fitness are built on the back of others. Explosive power conditioning for example follows maximal strength training, which in turn follows functional strength training. Strength Power Conditioning?During the transition period (see below) its sensible to layoff strength training all together, at least for a few weeks. You should also consider a functional strength program designed to correct any imbalances that occur as a result of a strenuous football training program. This functional strength program will likely spill into very early pre-season and its designed to prepare your body for subsequently more demanding sessions. Football players are one of the few groups of athletes that can benefit from a hypertrophy program.This type of weight training is designed to increase muscle mass. But contrary to popular belief larger muscles are not necessarily stronger muscles As such hypertrophy training in football should make up only a portion of the strength training program. Maximal strength training is an important element also and leads to significantly different adaptations than bodybuilding. Linemen may want to place more emphasis on the hypertrophy phase than other players. As an example, they could split their preseason into just 4 phases -? unctional/hypertrophy/maximal strength/power. Finally, following the development of muscle mass and maximal strength, conversion to sport-specific power is crucial It is power (and not maximal strength) that is most beneficial to football players. The cycle just prior to the season start should focus on developing peak power. Speed Agility Training? In the early pre-season speed and agility work is optional and should be low in intesnity. Too much running and interval training can detract from the development of muscles mass and maximal strength.Some light aerobic training may feature but more as a form of active recovery than intense endurance sessions. As the pre-season progresses more emphasis can be placed on speed and agility and intense interval training. If you take the time to plan your football training program in advance, quickness and agility should hit a peak just as the season begins. Flexibility Training? Dont neglect your flexibility. Your degree of range of movement impacts on your speed, agility and to some extent your power. It will also help to prevent injuries resulting from over stretching.While too much flexibility is not beneficial either, most football players are a long way from being overly supple. Spend at least 3 days a week stretching this is on top of stretching exercises performed as part of the warm up. In-Season Phase of Football Training Compared to the substantial pre-season preparation phase this should be a walk in the park! The objective is to maintain all the gains resulting from your hard work over the previous 6 months or so. Competitive games take priority. All of your conditioning work should be based around when you play.Its important to either rest or perform lower intensity drills the day before a game. Youll also have to co-ordinate your strength sessions so that you recover fully in time. Fortunately, to maintain your new levels of strength and power takes a lot less time in the weight room. You can afford to reduce your number of strength sessions and the volume of sets and repetitions. But dont skip weight training all together. Transition Phase of Football Training The transition phase is as important as any other in the 12 month football training program.It may only last 4-6 weeks but what you choose to do over that period of time can dictate how your entire season plays out. If you dont take the time to rest physically AND mentally you WILL burnout. .. eventually. Even if you feel fresh at the end of hard season take time out. Try another sport tennis is a favourite, or any racket sport. Just avoid weight training and pounding the roads. The only caveat is that you do something physically active. .. If you do absolutely nothing it will be that much harder to return to training.It takes only 4-5 weeks of complete sedentary living to loose most of whats taken you the best part of year to build up. The Perfect Plan Putting it All Together Have a good look at the chart below Notice how the amount and intensity of running drills varies depending on the strength phase? Too much intense interval training alongside strenuous hypertrophy training can leave you physically exhausted. Notice also how the volume of speed and agility work increases alongside power conditioning. This makes sense as it compliments the objectives of the phase.The intensity row is a rough guideline for overall training intensity. Often that can be a subjective measure so pay close attention to how you feel. More football training programs and articles will be added on a regular basis. But this is the place where they all fit together into one cohesive, highly effective plan. Yes, it does take a little planning to bring everything together. And no doubt that plan will (and should) change as you progress. But the changes youll see in your performance are worth every minute!

Major Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall free essay sample

State of Georgia. John Marshall was the fourth chief justice of the Ignited States, he was known as Great Chief Justice. He established the modern status of the Supreme Court. He served in the Revolutionary War, studied law, and was elected to the Virginia legislature in 1782. A staunch Federalist, Marshall supported acceptance of the Constitution. He declined ministerial posts but became one of the United States negotiators who resolved the EX. Affair. Elected to Congress in 1799, he was made secretary of state by President John Adams. In 1801 he became Chief Justice.Marshall labored to increase the hen-scant power and prestige of the Supreme Courts (Harvey, 680). One of Chief Justice John Marshals first decisions was in the case Mammary v. Madison. Near the end of President Adams first administration Congress authorized the President to appointments of the peace for the District of Columbia. This was the occasion of the midnight appointments and the failure of Dams Secretary of State to deliver commissions of appointment. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A new administration took office and Secretary of State Madison, directed by President Jefferson, refused delivery. Thereupon Mammary, one of the tonight appointees, went to the Supreme Court requesting a judicial order, writ of mandamus, to compel Madison to deliver his commission. Article Ill. Section 2, of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction only in cases affecting the Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a state shall be a Party. Mortuarys case did not fall in that category. Mammary went to the Supreme Court because in his view an act of Congress, Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1 789, authorized him to do so.The clash between Constitution and Act of Congress became a problem in the routs decision (Mendelssohn, 5-6). The court refused to rule on the appointment because Section 13 gave the Supreme Court powers not provided by the constitution. The court declared Section 13 unconstitutional. This marked the first time the united States Supreme Court declared a federal law unconstitutional. It established the supremacy of the Constitution over laws passed by congress and the right of the court to review the Constitutionality Of legislation (Cutler, 193). Marshall stated the powers Of the legislature are defined and limited is emphatically the province and the duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. The Constitution was thus established as a legal document subject to interpretation only by the courts (U. S. Law, 883). Another one of Marshals major decisions was in the case of McCullough v. Maryland, James McCullough, cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the united States, refused to pay a Maryland State tax on the bank. The court first upheld the implied powers of Congress to create a bank, because Congress needed a bank to exercise its specified power.The tax was declared unconstitutional because it interfered with an instrument of the federal government. He ruled that Congress has implied powers in edition to those specified in the Constitution, and when federal and state powers conflict, federal powers prevail (Cutler, 335). Marshals opinion for the court in McCullough v. Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the united States, which has been created by an Act of Congress in 181 6, on the basis of implied powers of Congress under the Constitution. His opinion also invalidated Marshlands efforts to impose an indirect tax on the Bank as a federal instrumentality (The Supreme Court, 21). The decision in Dartmouth College v. Woodward was another major ruling by Chief Justice John Marshall. In 1 769, King George Ill of Great Britain granted Dartmouth College a charter as a private school. Various states succeeded to the rights and obligations of such charters when they became independent. In 1816, New Hampshire tried to make Dartmouth the State University by canceling the charter. Former trustees of the college claimed that the royal charter was still valid. They sued to recover the school seal and records from William H. Woodward, the college secretary. Daniel Webster, a graduate of Dartmouth, presented the trustees case before the Supreme Court in one of his greatest arguments. The court ruled for the trustees saying that the state had impaired the obligation of the charter in violation of Article l, Section 10, of the Constitution. Because of this case, legislatures today put time limitations on charters or include provisions allowing cancellation by the government under proper circumstances (William, 38).Marshall also had a major decision in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. New York granted Robert Fulton exclusive steamboat rights on the Hudson River in New York for a limited period of years (Mendelssohn, 85). Thomas Gibbons had a federal license to use the same waters (Cutler, 185). Gibbons ran steamboats from New York to New Jersey violating Fulton patent. The case began as an action by Fulton interests to stop infringement. The court said it was repugnant to that clause in the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to regulate Congress.